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Somalia Consolidation of Colonial
Rule
The two decades between 1900 and 1920 were
a period of colonial consolidation. However,
of the colonial powers that had divided the
Somalis, only Italy developed a comprehensive
administrative plan for its colony
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SOMALIA IMPERIAL PARTITION
The last quarter of the nineteenth
century saw political developments that transformed the Somali
Peninsula. During this period, the Somalis became the subjects of
state systems under the flags of Britain, France, Italy, Egypt, and
Ethiopia Read more |
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Somalia - History
Somalia was formed by
a merger of two former colonial territories:
British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger
and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.
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Somalia - BREAKDOWN
The Somali environment--both human and
ecological--has deteriorated since the collapse of
the state in early 1991.Read more |
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Somalia
- REFUGEES
The 1977-78 Ogaden War caused a massive influx of
Somalis who had been living in eastern Ethiopia
(and to a lesser extent from other areas) into
Somalia.
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Somalia -
HEALTH
The collapse of the government in January 1991
with the fall of Siad Barre led to further
deterioration of Somalia's health situation.
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Somalia
- EDUCATION
In the colonial period, Italian Somaliland and
British Somaliland pursued different educational
policies. The Italians sought to train pupils to
become farmers or .Read more |
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Somalia
- LANGUAGE
Except for a few communities along the southern
Somali coast where Swahili (a Bantu language) and
Arabic dialects are spoken, Somali nationals
(including persons of non-Somali origin) speak one
of several Somali dialects.
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Somalia - Rising Islamism
Somali Islam rendered the world intelligible to Somalis and made
their lives more bearable in a harsh land. Amidst the interclan
violence that characterized life in the early
1990s,
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Somalia -
Islam in the Colonial Era and After
Because Muslims believe that their faith was
revealed in its complete form to the Prophet
Muhammad
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Somalia - Folk
Islam and Indigenous Ritual
Somalis have modified Islam, for example with
reference to the social significance of baraka.
Baraka is considered a gift from God to the
founders and heads of Sufi orders.
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Somalia - Religious Orders and the Cult of the Saints
Religious orders have played a significant role in
Somali Islam. The rise of these orders (turuq;
sing., tariqa, "way" or "path")
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Somalia -
Religious Roles in Somali Islam
In Islam, no priests mediate between the believer
and God, but there are religious teachers,
preachers, and mosque officials.
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Somalia - The Tenets of Islam
Founded in A.D. 622 when the Prophet Muhammad
migrated with his followers from Mecca to Medina,
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Somalia
- RELIGION
Most Somalis are Sunni Muslims. (Less than 1
percent of ethnic Somalis are Christians.) Loyalty
to Islam reinforces distinctions that set Somalis
apart from their immediate African neighbors,
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Somalia -
Lineage Segmentation and Civil War
From the early 1980s to the early 1990s, Somali
society underwent a profound crisis--of identity,
purpose, and direction- -that threatened its very
existence.
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Somalia - Social Change
Colonial domination had various effects, such as
the formal abolition of slavery in the years
preceding World War
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Somalia -
Specialized Occupational Groups
Certain occupational groups such as hunters,
leatherdressers , and smiths are known as sab
(ignoble) among the Samaal and as bon (low
caste) among the Sab. They resemble Somalis,
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Somalia - Riverine and Coastal People of Non-Somali Origin
Along the southern coast, in the valleys of the
Jubba and Shabeelle rivers and in a few places
between the rivers,
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Somalia - Digil and
Rahanwayn
Some texts refer to these two mainly agriculturist
clans of Digil and Rahanwayn as Sab.
However, members of the Digil and Rahanwayn and
most Somalis consider the appellation Sab
derogatory.
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Somalia -
Somaal
Among the Samaal clans were the largest political
units, most of which had heads known as soldaan
(sultan) or bokor (concept derived from a
belt binding people together).
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Somalia - THE SOCIAL ORDER
The overwhelming majority of Somalis trace their
genealogical origin to the mythical founding
father, Samaale or Samaal.
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Somalia - Population
Somalia's first national census was taken in
February 1975, and as of mid-1992 no further
census had been conducted.
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Somalia - The
Society and Its Environment
THE SOMALIS ARE A CULTURALLY, linguistically, and
religiously homogeneous people, who are divided
along clan lines and sparsely scattered over a
harsh, dry land.
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